Space-telegraph amplifying and recording system and method therefor



April 1, 1924. 1,488,790

c. KINSLEY SPACE TELEGRAPH AMPLIFYING AND RECORDING SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREFOR Original Filed March 29. 1920 H/S A TTOR/VEY atented Apr. 1, 1 924.

CARL KINSLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SPACE-TELEGRAPH AMPLIFYING AND RECORDING SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREFOR.

Application filed March 29, '1920. Serial No. 869,617. Renewed August 25, 1923.

To all whomz't may concern Be it known that I, CARL Knvsnnr, a citizen of the United States. and resident of New York cit in the county of New York 'andState of L ew York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Space- Telegraph Amplifying and Recording Systems and Methods Therefor, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates more particularly to space telegraph systems of the type disclosed inthe application of'Ray E. Hall, Serial No. 301,010, filed May 31st, 1919, and issued asP'atent No. 1,378,345, dated May 17, 1921. i

For purposes of my present invention, it is sufiicient to say that said Hall application discloses a receiving system in which the received energy is amplified by suitable means, as for instance, an audion or other vacuum tube operating to produce uni-directional fluctuations of a battery corresponding to the received waves, \Vhere the sendinfg station employs a spark discharge or a rotary interrupter the wave trains will be the frequency of the spark or of the interrupter as the case may be. here the sending station radiates continuous wave trams broken in accordance with the dots and dashes or analogous code. elements, theirrontinuity may be broken up into much shorter lengths to produce battery fluctuations of a desired frequency or an equivalent effect may be obtained by supcrposing on the received energy, waves of a slightly different frequency. thereby producing an, electrical heterodyne. These methods are well known in the art. Moreover, as described in saidv Hall application, the received energy may be applied at radio frequency if the wave len th employed is long enough.

I The resultant battery fluctuations produced in any ofthe above ways are applied by Hall to produce vibrations of a telephone diaphragm and the resulting acoustic vibra-v tions are applied to precipitate breaking or bushing of a sensitive jet, preferably an air.

iet preferably adjusted so as to be especially sensitive to sound vibrations of the same frequency as the battery fluctuations. The sensitive jet in its'normai unbroken condition discharges in proximity to a sensitive resistance, preferably along the axis of a coil of very fine wire, kept normally hot by flow of battery current therethrough. The bushing of the jet spreads the air stream intocontactwith the hot wire, lowering the resistance thereof. thereby producing increase of battery current flow.

In practice, there are certain situations where the received energy is so small that current vibrations obtainable in this way varyv from about 1 to 1.2 ampere as the maximum outside ranges between which operation is obtained. This varying current flow may be utilized directly but my present invention contemplates operating a recorder. For this purpose, I use the fluctuations in the fine \virecircuit of the Hall apparatus in the primary of av transformer,

preferably a step up transformer, the secondary of which is in operative relation to an audion or similar vacuum tube amplifier. The fluctuations of battery current produced in this latter circuit are of magnified power and are applied directly to operate the re corder. I I

A system embodying my improvement on the Hall system is indicated in the accompanying, drawings in which the figure is a diagrammatic view of the receiving system. I

In these "drawings the indicator to be operated may be a recorder with a continuous moving tape 1, forcontact of pivoted stylus 2. operated by a i'nagnet 3 which is ener-.

gized by fluctuations of current from battery 4. Such fluctuations of battery 4 may bemade of amplified strength. varied in accordance with the received, signal, as follows The incoming signal waves are received by any desired form of collecting Wire, in this case,diagrammatically indicated as antenna 10, grounded at D through adjustable condenser C. Such receiving wire is usually tuned'to the frequency of the received waves which may he say 100,000 per second or say 35,000 per second as the case may be. If the incoming signals are powerful enoughand oflow enough frequency, the

energy received in 10 may be applied directlyto the telephone receiver R. In most cases, however, the energy will be applied through adjustable transformer T. having its secondary in a circuit including adjustable condenser C whereby the secondary circuit'is tuned to the frequency of the received waves. This circuit is connected with the hot wire and grid elements of the audion, diagrammaticallyindicated at l),'or

with correspondingelements of any other desiredqamplifier. These variations thus applied cause corresponding fluctuations of flow of batteryB connected to the plate element of the amplifier. These fluctuations may be applied through successive transformers T, T", T 3 to successive audions 1),

'D, D, producing amplified fluctuations of the respective batteries B 13 B. p

In the form shown. the final circuit, in this case T D includes inductance I and condenser C arranged in parallel and constituting asupplemental circuittuned to a frequency slightly different from that of the received waves to produce in conjunction therewith an electrical heterodyne. of desired frequency. Thus if the desired frequency for operating telephone or other receiver R amplifying circuits is not importantand any other known 'ordesired-system may be employed for energizing receiver R at the desired frequency.

In the particular arrangement here selected for purposes of illustration, the fluctua= .tions in. the 'coil of receiver R will vibrate the diaphragm thereof at the 5000 frequency producing acoustic wavesorsoundsof said frequency which may be applied through tube S atthe base of the sensitive jet flowing from pipe P; Tube S may be designed for acoustic resonance at the 5000 frequency and the air jet may be made particularly. sensitive to said frequency by proper design of the'shape andsize ofthe jet nozzle and adjustment of the air pressure through pipe With this arrangement the jet willnorimih 'ly tend to flow in a smooth comparatively untroubled column. but upon energizing of tele' phone receiver B. it. will break or bush in responseto the air wave variations applied through tube S. This change of the jet is utilized-to variably cool a sensitive resistance. This may consist of a very tine platinum wire coil llfarrangedso that the normal, unbroken jet flows smoothly through the same along the axis thereof. The wire is normally heated to high temperature by battery B but bushing of the jetspreads it into i cooling relation to the'wire, thereby reducing its resistance and producing momentarily increased flow of current from battery B Instead of applying these fluctuations :di

nes snoo By employing platinum wire as the ma-. terial for the sensitive resistance 11. the latter may be maintained at white heat by the amount of current flowing normally from the battery 13 thus making the temperature d ference between the resistance and the cool- L ing air very great and the cooling correspondingly rapid. By causing the battery current to flow in parallel through the several turns of the coil a very considerable current may be used even when the wire is extremely fineas in the case of thewell known \Vollaston wire, which I prefer to employ. By these several expedients the time constantof change of temperature of the wire upon bushing of the jet'is. made very small and the time rate of change of current'flowing in the circuit correspondingly great. Thus the battery current variations act very eflectively in producing corresponding alternating currents of higher voltage in the secondary of transformer T. I believe I am the first to discover this adaptability as well as the first to utilize it in the manner abovefdescribed.

The'transformer T may be and preferably is a step up transformer. as preferably also. the other transformers T. T. T and I.

I claim:

1-. A transformer. a translating device in the secondary circuit thereof. in combination cuit thereof, said means comprising a sensithe resistance, a battery normally heating said resistance to high temperature, means for maintaining a sensitive jet "normally I flowing in proximity to saidsensitive resist-' ance in position to impinge thereon and cool the same when'the jet is broken down or bushed and means for periodically causing such breaking down or bushing.

In the combinationspecified by claim 1, the feature of having the translating'device in the secondary circuit of the transformer, a battery and amplifier of the type responsive to alternating current to there i produce amplified fluctuations of the battery. and means actuated by saidfbattery fluctuations to produce an indication or effect.

3. The method of producing alternating currents which consists in establishing normally continuous flow of direct current through the primary of a transformer and causing rapid variations of such current by causing the same to flow through a resistance of very small mass to normally maintain the i with means for energizing the primary cir-""---..

same at very high temperature and varying said temperature by periodically applying a cooling medium to said resistance.

' 4. In the method specified by claim 3, the

- further feature of employing as the cooling medium a sensitive jet normally directing the same in proxlmity to said resistance and applying vibratory energy of definite frequency for periodically bushing or breaking the jet to cause impingement thereof on said re- 1 sistance.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York, andSta'te of New York, this 5th day of March, A. D1920.

CARL KINSLEY. 

